D is correct!

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Burkholderia species of bacteria?

A. Burkholderia species are gram-negative bacilli, which are obligate aerobes and have a fruity grape-like odor.
B. In cystic fibrosis patients, colonization with Burkholderia cepacia complex is a strong indication for lung transplant.
C. Disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei is more common in cold, dry climates.
D. Burkholderia pseudomallei can cause lung cavitations, similar to tuberculosis.

A is incorrect. It is true that Burkholderia species are gram-negative bacilli, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, and obligate aerobes, characteristics that are shared with Pseudomonas species. However, unlike Pseudomonas, Burkholderia species do NOT have a fruity grape-like odor, nor do they have a blue-green pigment when plated.

B is incorrect.This not correct. In contrast, in cystic fibrosis patients, chronic infection with Burkholderia cepacia complex is associated with a rapid decline in lung function and is a relatively strong CONTRAindication to lung transplantation.

C is incorrect. This not correct. In contrast, melioidosis, the disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is more common in tropical areas. Transmission occurs through direct contact with contaminated water or soil, and is more common during wet seasons due to increased bacterial load in the water and soil at those times.

D is correct! Burkholderia pseudomallei infections may be asymptomatic, or can result in melioidosis, which can present with pneumonia or a tuberculosis-like illness, with or without lung cavitations.

Answer more questions like this by reviewing our animated lesson on Burkholderia pseudomallei & cepacia complex.